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CAPACITY,  8000  BARRELS  DAILY 


THE 


Edison  Portland  Cement  Company 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  Chairman  of  the  Board 


ROBERT  H.  THOMPSON,  President 
W.  S.  MALLORY,  Vice-President 

E.  MEYER,  Manager  of  Sales 

GENERAL  SALES  OFFICE 

ST.  JAMES  BUILDING,  NEW  YORK 


WILLARD  P.  REID,  Secretary 
H.  F.  MILLER,  Treasurer 


BOSTON,  MASS. 

Post-Office  Square  Building 

NEWARK,  N.  J. 
Union  Building 


BRANCH  OFFICES 

SAVANNAH,  GA. 
National  Bank  Building 

ORANGE,  N.  J. 

Edison  Laboratory 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
Arcade  Building 

PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
Machesney  Building 


WORKS  AT 

NEW  VILLAGE,  N.  J. 


W or fas : 


| Post-Office  Address,  Stewartsville,  N.  J. 

( Telegraph,  Express  and  Passenger  Station,  New  Village,  N.  J. 


WARE  BROS.  COMPANY  PHILA. 


EDISON  PORTLAND  CEMENT 


what  shall  you  build  your  house,  your 
ae,  store,  mill,  factory,  barn,  stable,  gar- 
i,  or  any  other  structure,  large  or  small? 

Andrew  Carnegie  answered  the 
istion  when  he  told  the  conference  of 
Governors  at  the  White  House  in  May, 
1908,  that  “Concrete  promises  to  become  superior  to 
steel  and  stone  in  strength,  durability,  convenience 
and  economy  of  use.” 

It  is  not  only  the  most  durable  building  material,  but 
is  rapidly  becoming  the  cheapest,  owing  to  the  increasing 
scarcity  of  lumber.  It  is  the  most  indestructible  as  it  resists 
fire,  wind,  water  and  earthquake.  The  Baltimore  fire,  the 
San  Francisco  disaster,  the  great  fires  in  Northwest  Canada, 
and  numerous  others,  abundantly  prove  the  superiority  of  this 
kind  of  construction.  A comparison  of  the  lire  insurance 
statistics  of  United  States  and  Europe  shows  that  in  the 
former  the  losses  are  about  five  to  eight  times  as  high  as 
in  the  latter.  This  is  due  to  the  use  of  more  fire  proof 
materials  in  Europe. 


Everything  has  its  day.  The  tallow  candle,  useful  in  its 
time,  gave  way  to  the  kerosene  lamp,  the  lamp  in  turn  yielded 
to  illuminating  gas,  and  finally  this  became  subordinate  to  the 
Edison  incandescent  light.  In  building  materials,  wood  gives 
way  to  brick,  brick  yields  to  stone  and  steel,  and  all  become 
subordinate  to  Concrete. 

For  strength,  rigidity,  durability,  indestructibility  and 
adaptability,  there  is  no  building  material  equal  to  concrete. 
The  lack  of  necessity  for  repairs  and  the  greatly  reduced  fire 
insurance  rates  are  subjects  worthy  of  consideration. 

Much  might  be  written,  but  the  building  trades  and  the 
public  at  large  recognize  the  above  facts,  as  is  shown  by  the 
increase  in  consumption  from  about  two  millions  of  barrels  in 
1892  to  upwards  of  fifty  millions  in  1907. 

The  question  is  not— Shall  you  use  Portland  Cement,  but 
what  brand  of  it  shall  you  use? 

This  book  is  intended  to  acquaint  those  who  are  not  already 
users  of  it,  with  the  merits  of  Edison  Portland  Cement. 

The  mill  producing  this  cement,  at  New  Village,  N.  J.,  is 
the  direct  result  of  Mr.  Thomas  A.  Edison's  inventive  work 


[ITH 


ag 


2 


EDISON  PORTLAND  CEMENT 


during  the  early  eighties.  Although  at  that  time  busily  en- 
gaged on  the  electric  light,  phonograph,  etc.,  he  foresaw  the 
great  future  for  Portland  Cement. 

Not  content  with  accepting  the  theories  and  practices  of 
the  times,  he  made  a great  number  of  elaborate  and  exhaustive 
experiments  and  became  convinced  that  the  finer  grinding  of 
cement  makes  a much  better  and  more  reliable  product.  He 
also  learned  that  the  finer  the  cement,  other  things  being  equal, 
the  more  sand  it  would  carry,  and  he  started  out  with  the 
determination  to  put  this  finer  product  on  the  market.  To 
insure  other  things  being  equal  he  located  his  plant  on 
exactly  the  same  geological  formations  as  the  other 
New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  mills. 

He  could  not  improve  the  raw  materials,  so  he  improved 
the  process.  The  main  features  of  Portland  Cement  manu- 
facture are  burning  and  grinding.  He  improved  the  burning 
by  his  long  kilns.  Prior  to  this,  the  longest  rotary  kilns  were 
60  feet.  Against  the  advice  of  experts,  he  increased  the  length 
from  60  to  150  feet,  and  how  well  he  reckoned  is  shown  by  the 


fact  that  many  others  are  rapidly  coming  to  the  use  of  them 
and  taking  out  licenses  under  his  long  kiln  patents. 

He  designed  machinery  that  enabled  him  to  put  in  compe- 
tition a brand  of  Portland  Cement  that  has  all  the  qualities 
of  other  standard  brands  and  in  addition  is  ground  so  finely 
that  10  per  cent,  more  of  it  passes  a 200-mesh  sieve ; that 
is,  a sieve  having  40,000  openings  per  square  inch. 

When  manufacturing  operations  were  begun,  it  was  found 
that  it  costs  more  to  grind  this  fine  product,  and  when  this 
question  of  additional  cost  was  brought  to  Mr.  Edison's  atten- 
tion, he  still  insisted  on  producing  this  fine  product  in  the 
belief  that  eventually  architects,  engineers  and  consumers  would 
appreciate  the  better  quality  and  the  product  would  be  worth 
more  than  the  more  coarsely  ground  cements.  He  has  always 
insisted  on  this  point  and  such  is  the  policy  of  the  company. 

To  show  that  others  appreciate  the  value  of  fine  grinding, 
we  invite  you  to  read  what  eminent  authorities  of  Germany, 
France,  England  and  America  say  about  it. 

See  pages  14  and  15. 


3 


PLANT  OF  THE  EDISON  PORTLAND  CEMENT  COMPANY,  NEW  VILLAGE,  N.  J. 

Passenger  Station  \ 

Freight  “ f NEW  VILLAGE,  Post  Office  Address, 

Express  Office  ( N.  J.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J. 

Telegraph  “ ) 


5 


GENERAL  VIEW  OF  ONE  OF  THE  QUARRIES. 

Keystone  Well  Drillers  are  used  with  great  econ-  Showing  one  of  the  three  90-ton  Steam  Shovels 

omy  in  preparing  for  blasts  of  30,000  to  70,000  tons  ready  for  action.  Mechanical  handling  replaces  the 

of  rock.  old  system  of  hand  loading. 

An  immense  deposit  of  PORTLAND  CEMENT  ROCK,  prepared  by  Nature  for  man’s  use. 


b 


A detailed  view  in  Quarry  No.  1,  showing  method  of  handling  rock  of  such  size  and  weight  that 
no  crushing  machinery  except  the  EDISON  GIANT  ROLLS  is  capable  of  reducing  it. 


7 


A train  of  stone,  showing  the  size  of  the  material  passing  to  the  Giant  Rolls. 


Head  of  the  Crusher  House,  showing-  a partial  view  of  the  Edison  Rolls,  which  are 
capable  of  crushing  single  blocks  of  stone  weighing  up  to  eight  tons.  The  cut  also  shows  a skip 
load  of  stone  being  automatically  dumped  into  the  hopper. 


9 


INTERIOR  VIEW  OF  THE  WEIGH  HOUSE. 

Here  every  particle  of  stone  used  in  the  process  is  accurately  weighed.  The  two  materials  are  delivered  to  different  storage  hoppers, 
the  Chemist's  weighing  orders  are  posted,  the  scales  set  by  his  assistant  and  checked  by  the  inspector  and  foreman,  preparatory  to  mixing. 
Further  than  this,  there  is  an  absolutely  automatic  check,  for,  as  will  be  observed,  the  scale  beams  are  connected  electrically  by  a copper 
needle  dipping  into  a mercury  bath,  and  the  instant  the  beam  tips,  the  connection  is  broken,  the  feed  is  stopped,  and  it  is  impossible 
to  introduce  any  more  material  until  the  charge  has  been  unloaded  and  the  scales  again  brought  into  adjustment. 

10 


AN  INTERIOR  VIEW  OF  THE  KILN  ROOM. 

This  shows  the  longest  rotary  kilns  in  existence,  they  being  150  feet  long.  This  building  is  also  unique  in 
that  it  is  reinforced  concrete;  cast  upon  the  ground  and  erected  in  the  manner  of  structural  steel.  The  roof 
beams  as  shown  are  single  monoliths  50  feet  between  supports  of  concrete  columns.  The  roof  consists  of  slabs  of 
concrete  6 feet  by  12  feet  by  4 inches  thick. 

1 1 


EDISON  PORTLAND  CEMENT 

HOW  IT  IS  MANUFACTURED 


RAW  MATERIAL 

HE  cement  rock  or  shale  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  Edison  Portland  Cement  is  found 
in  the  same  geological  series  that  are  used 
by  every  mill  in  the  Lehigh  Valley.  The 
limestone  used  in  all  the  mills  is  practically 
the  same  grade  and  many  of  them  get  it  from 
the  same  quarries.  The  Superiority  of 
Edison  over  others,  therefore,  is  not  in  the  raw  materials, 
nor  can  any  other  mill  lay  claim  to  an  advantage  in  this  line. 

PROCESS  OF  MANUFACTURE 

With  the  same  materials  then  the  relative  grades  of 
the  products  depend  upon  two  things : 

1st.  The  design  of  the  plant  in  reference  to — 

(a)  Uniform  handling  and  continuous  operation. 

( b ) Control  of  the  materials  at  all  times. 

2nd.  Mill  Administration,  talent  enlisted  and  grade 
of  labor  employed. 

Under  the  first  head  we  may  say  the  Edison  Portland 
Cement  mill  is  the  second  largest  single  plant  in  the 


United  States,  if  not  in  the  world.  By  that  we  mean  it 
is  not  a c.ollection  of  small  plants  under  one  collective  name, 
but  a complete  unit  where  all  the  material  goes  through  the 
same  crushing  and  grinding  plants,  through  the  same  kiln 
room,  the  same  conveying  system,  etc.,  single  operating  head, 
a perfect  operating  system,  and  a single  laboratory  to  regulate 
and  govern  quality ; not  different  quarries,  different  mills, 
different  superintendents,  and  different  laboratories  with 
different  standards,  yet  all  making  what  is  called  one  brand 
of  cement. 

Edison  Portland  Cement  Company  makes  only 
one  brand,  and  it  is  truly  one  brand  of  uniform  quality 
because : 

(a)  All  the  rock  comes  from  the  same  quarries. 

( b ) It  all  goes  through  the  same  mill  and,  more- 
over, the  same  conveying  systems  to  the  storehouse,  not 
independent  systems  by  different  routes. 

(c)  It  is  all  under  the  eyes  of  the  same  extensive 
laboratory  force  of  chemists  and  testers,  all  of  whom 
must  work  in  unison  and  who  act  as  a check  on  each 
other,  thereby  insuring  quality. 


12 


The  design  of  the  mill  is  further  marked  by  being  such 
that  everything  is  handled  automatically  by  electrically 
driven  machinery  and  nothing  by  hand,  thereby  reducing 

the  cost  of  production  on  this  item  and  permitting  a 
number  of  refinements  which  would  otherwise  be 
commercially  impossible  on  account  of  the  cost. 

To  illustrate  this,  our  crushing-rolls  take  stone  in  blocks 
weighing  anywhere  up  to  eight  (8)  tons,  where  other 
crushers  take  single  blocks  only  up  to  500  lbs.  What  we 
save  in  quarrying  and  handling  rock  we  can  afford  to  spend 
elsewhere,  yet  have  our  total  cost  such  that  we  can  compete 
in  the  market  and  still  have  a better  product. 

After  our  stone  is  crushed,  we  have  a stone  storage 
house  holding  1 2,000  tons,  which  permits  us  to  make 
accurate  chemical  analyses  and  calculate  our  mixtures 
to  a pound  before  it  is  passed  to  the  grinders. 

WEIGHING  MIXTURES  ACCURATELY 

With  ample  time  to  determine  what  the  mixture  should 
be,  there  can  be  no  error  if  the  weighing  system  is  correct. 
We  have  the  only  absolutely  accurate  weighing 
system  in  use.  In  many  mills  the  proportions  are  regu- 
lated by  so  many  small  quarry  cars  of  cement  rock  to  a 
given  number  of  limestone  or  by  the  number  of  wheelbarrow 
loads,  or  even  a worse  system. 

We  have  a pair  of  parallel  scales,  one  receiving  cement 


rock  and  the  other  limestone,  and  these  controlled  electrically 
in  such  a manner  that  it  is  impossible  for  the  weigh-house 
attendant  to  make  a mistake,  as  should  he  fail  to  set  them 
properly  the  belt  conveyor  would  fail  to  work. 

Further,  the  scale  beams  are  connected  electrically  bv  a 
mercury  bath,  so  that  the  instant  the  beam  tips  the  feed  is 
stopped. 

The  weights  are  fixed  by  the  chemist,  the  scales  set  and 
our  mixtures  are  made  to  the  pound,  with  no  possibility  of 
mistake,  so  that  our  composition  is  always  absolutely  uniform. 

The  rest  of  the  process  is  simple.  We  grind  our 
raw  materials  more  finely  before  burning  than  is 
done  at  other  mills,  and  consequently  get  a more  uniform 
clinker.  This  finer  grinding  is  possible  because  Edison 
patented  rolls  give  a much  finer  product  with  the  same 
horsepower  than  any  other  grinding  systems. 

We  use  the  longest  kilns  in  the  world,  and  get 
more  uniform  burning.  Others  are  copying  our  kilns,  which 
shows  their  merit. 

FINE  GRINDING  OF  PORTLAND  CEMENT 

We  grind  1 0 per  cent,  finer  than  any  of  our  competitors. 
That  is,  10  per  cent,  more  will  pass  a 200-mesh  sieve,  i.  e., 
40,000  meshes  to  the  square  inch. 

Why  do  we  grind  finer?  Because  all  authorities 
agree  that  fine  grinding  improves  the  quality. 


13 


EMINENT  AUTHORITIES  ON  THE  IMPORTANCE  OF 
FINE  GRINDING  OF  PORTLAND  CEMENT 


Homer  A.  Reid,  Assoc.  M.  Am.  Soc.  C.  E., 
Assistant  Engineer,  Bureau  of  Buildings, 
New  York  City,  author  of  a scientific 
Manual  just  issued  and  published  by 
The  Myron  C.  Clark  Publishing  Co.,  New 
York,  entitled,  “ Concrete  and  Reinforced 
Concrete  Construction”  under  Fineness, 
says: 

“Fineness. — The  finer  a cement  is  ground,  the 
better  its  quality.  Water  acts  only  on  the  finer  particles, 
while  the  coarser  particles  are  almost  always  inert.  The 
finer  a cement  is  ground  the  greater  will  be  its  covering 
capacity,  therefore,  the  greater  its  value  as  a cementing 
material.  To  produce  the  greatest  strength  each  particle 
of  the  aggregate  should  be  covered  with  cementing 
material.  The  greatest  economy,  other  things  being 
equal,  will  result  when  the  cement  is  as  fine  as  possible. 
However,  while  fine  cement  is  more  valuable  than 
coarse,  fine  grinding  increases  the  cost  of  manufacture, 
hence  there  is  a limit  to  the  amount  of  grinding  which  can 
be  done  economically.  Again,  a finely  ground  cement 
is  less  apt  to  blou)  or  disintegrate  than  a coarse  one, 
since  the  free  or  loosely  combined  lime  being  in  fine 
particles  is  thoroughly  broken  up  and  readily  rendered 
innocuous  by  the  water  when  it  is  added.’ 

The  U.  S.  Navy  Department  Specifications 
for  Cement,  issued  June  12,  1905,  reads: 

“ Neat  tests  arc  of  less  value  than  those  of  the 
briquettes  made  with  sand  and  cement.  I he  fineness  of 
the  cement  is  important,  for  the  finer  it  is  the  more  sand 
can  be  used  with  it." 


James  Knox  Taylor,  Supervising  Architect, 
U.  S.  Treasury  Department,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  in  his  Specifications  penalizes  ce- 
ments running  under  Standard  fineness, 
as  follows: 

“ The  standard  of  fineness  shall  be  that  92  per  cent, 
by  weight  shall  pass  a 100-mesh  sieve  and  75  per  cent, 
shall  pass  a 200-mesh  sieve.  If  the  material  does  not 
meet  these  requirements  as  to  fineness  it  will  be  either  re- 
jected or  the  contractor  will  be  required  to  use  2 per 
cent,  additional  for  each  one  per  cent,  drop  below  the 
92  per  cent,  limit,  or  3 per  cent,  additional  for  each  1 per 
cent,  drop  below  the  75  per  cent,  limit." 


Professional  Papers,  No.  28,  Corps  of  En- 
gineers, U.  S.  Army,  War  Department, 
reads : 

“ It  is  only  the  impalpable  dust  that  possesses 
cementitious  value.  Fineness  of  grinding  is  therefore  an 
essential  quality  in  cements  to  be  mixed  with  sand. 


“ Standard  Methods  of  Testing  and  Specifi- 
cations for  Cement,”  American  Society 
for  Testing  Materials,  reads : 

“ It  is  generally  accepted  that  the  coarser  particles  in 
cement  are  practically  inert,  and  it  is  only  the  extremely 
fine  powder  that  possesses  adhesive  or  cementing  qualities. 
The  more  finely  cement  is  pulverized,  all  other  conditions 
being  the  same,  the  more  sand  it  will  carry  and  produce 
a mortar  of  a given  strength." 


Taylor — “ Practical  Cement  Testing,”  reads : 

“The  fineness  of  the  material  is  a measure  of  its 
cementing  value,  and  a fine  cement  accordingly,  will  be 
much  stronger  when  mixed  in  a mortar,  or  can  be  mixed 
with  a larger  proportion  of  sand  than  a coarse  one  and 
yet  attain  the  same  strength. " 

“ Most  important  of  all,  however,  is  the  fact  that 
with  finer  grinding  the  liability  to  unsoundness  becomes 
less,  since  the  small  particles  become  seasoned  more 
quickly  and  the  expansive  elements  thus  become  inert." 


Eckel— “Cements,  Limes  and  Plasters,”  says: 

The  tendency  among  engineers  at  present  is  to 
demand  more  finely-ground  cement.  While  this 
demand  is  doubtless  Justified  by  the  results  of  compara- 
tive tests  of  finely  and  coarsely-ground  cements,  it  must 
be  borne  in  mind  that  any  increase  in  the  fineness  of 
grinding  means  a decrease  in  the  product  per  hour  of  the 
grinding  mills  employed  and  a consequent  increase  in  the 
cost  of  cement.” 

“The  strength  of  the  cement,  and  particularly  its 
tensile  strength  when  mixed  with  sand,  increases  with  the 
fineness.” 

" The  value  of  fine  grinding  is  evident,  and  engineers 
are  constantly  raising  the  standard  of  fineness  is 
specifications." 

Dr.  Rudolf  Dyckerhoff — “ Tonindustrie-Zei- 
tung,”  says: 

“ Higher  strength  can  only  be  effected  by  finer 
grinding." 


14 


Thomas  A.  Edison,  says:  “THE  FINER  THE  CEMENT  THE  MORE  WATER  IT  WILL  ABSORB,  AND  BEING  MORE  LIQUID,  WILL 

FLOW  BETTER  AND  PREVENT  SEGREGATION  OF  THE  AGGREGATES.” 


Prof.  A.  Marston,  Director  of  Engineering 
Experiment  Station,  Iowa  State  College, 
says : 

"The  fineness  of  grinding  of  cement  is  of  especial 
importance  in  enabling  it  to  take  a large  proportion  of 
sand  in  mortar.  In  fact,  only  the  very  fine  particles  of 
cement  really  have  much  cementing  value.  The  coarser 
particles  act  more  like  sand  than  cement.’’ 

Candlot — “Ciments  et  Chaux  Hydrauliques,” 
says : 

"If  one  considers  that  he  must  pay  the  cost  of  trans- 
portation. often  considerable,  to  no  purpose,  and  that  to 
limit  the  economy  to  its  most  simple  expression,  one  is  able 
to  replace  upon  the  work  this  same  quantity  of  cement 
without  value  by  sand,  one  recognizes  that  the  improve- 
ment in  gnnding  constitutes  a very  important  advance  in 
the  manufacture  of  cement.” 

“ In  trying  the  strength  of  a mixture  of  cement  and 
sand,  one  has  readily  recognized  how  much  the  energy  of 
the  cement  increased  in  proportion  as  it  is  ground  more 
finely.  As  cements  are  always  used  with  the  addition  of 
sand,  one  endeavors  then  to  grind  to  a fine  powder  all  the 
grains  which  before  remained  inert  and  without  value.  If 
the  expense  necessitated  by  the  grinding  is  greater  than 
formerly,  one  is  at  least  assured  that  he  does  not  deliver 
to  the  consumer  20  to  30  per  cent,  of  inert  matter.” 

G.  H.  Smith,  C.  E. — “ The  Canadian  En- 
gineer.” says: 

“The  manufacturers  are  alive  to  the  value  of  fine 
grinding  and  are  making  steady  progress." 

“ Fineness  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  characteristic 
qualities  a cement  can  possess.  The  finer  grinding  the 
better." 


Spalding— “ Hydraulic  Cement,”  says: 

“The  finer  the  cement  the  larger  the  quantity  of  sand 
that  may  be  legitimately  used  with  it.  1 he  coarser  parti- 
cles of  cement  are  to  be  considered  as  inert  material,  or 
practically  as  a certain  amount  of  sand  already  mixed 
with  the  cement." 


Sabin— “ Cement  and  Concrete,”  says: 

“Importance  of  fineness. — The  fineness  of  cement  is 
always  conceded  to  be  one  of  its  most  important  qualities, 
and  the  determination  of  fineness  is  omitted  in  none  but 
the  very  crudest  tests." 

“Fine  grinding  improves  Portland  Cement  in  two-fold 
degree,  by  bringing  into  action  the  best  burned  clinker  and 
by  rendering  a given  weight  of  cement  capable  of  coating 
a larger  number  of  sand  grains." 


L.  Golinelli— “ Das  Kleine  Cement-buch,” 

says : 

“As  to  fineness  of  grinding,  it  maybe  mentioned  that 
the  coarser  particles  of  cement  act  like  so  much  sand. 
The  finer  the  grinding  the  more  sand  can  be  used  with 
the  cement.” 


John  Newman— “ Notes  on  Concrete  and 
Works  in  Concrete.”  says: 

“All  coarse  particles,  r.  e.,  small  lumps  of  cement  in 
an  unground  or  partially  ground  state,  should  be  removed, 
as  they  do  not  set  together  and  are  little  better  than  sand.” 


R.  K.  Meade,  American  Society  for  Testing 
Materials : 

“ Increasing  the  fineness  from  80  to  85  per  cent,  in- 
creases the  7 day  sand  test  2 1 per  cent.  1 he  increase  on 
the  28  day  sand  tests  due  to  fine  grinding  are  even  larger." 
“That  the  neat  strength  is  lowered  by  fine  grinding." 
“ That  the  sand  strength  is  increased  by  fine  grinding.” 


D.  B.  Butler  -“Portland  Cement,”  says: 

“The  same  series  of  experiments  also  demonstrated 
very  clearly  that  free  lime  (or  whatever  the  destructive 
agent  may  bel,  contained  within  the  coarse  particles  is 
chiefly  responsible  for  the  unsoundness  of  cement.' 


Prof.  Gary— “Tonindustrie-Zeitung,”  says: 

“It  is  known  that  a hydraulic  material  is  more  active 
the  finer  it  is  reduced.  But  fine  grinding  meets  technical 
difficulties  and  is  costly." 


Dr.  H.  E.  Kiefer — “ Edison  Portland  Cement 
Co.”  says: 

“ Cement  is  a mineral  glue.  A joiner  presses  out  the 
excess  of  glue  as  he  requires  just  enough  for  an  even  coat- 
ing. Portland  Cement  is  just  the  same — an  even  coating 
is  all  that  is  required,  finely  ground  cement  has  the 
covering  qualities. 

“ Sand  is  an  indispensable  ingredient  of  good  concrete, 
but  it  is  not  necessary  to  introduce  it  into  the  mixture  as 
part  of  the  Portland  Cement.  It  is  cheaper  to  buy  it  as 
sand  than  as  residues  in  the  cement." 

“A  few  years  ago  15  per«cent.  was  permitted  as  a 
maximum  residue  on  a 100  mesh  sieve.  Now  the  usual 
maximum  allowable  is  8 per  cent.  Why  ? The  im- 
portance of  fine  gnnding  is  recognized  everywhere." 


Faija  and  Butler — “Portland  Cement  for 

Users,”  says: 

“The  importance  of  fine  gnnding  cannot  be  over- 
estimated.” 

“ Independently  therefore  of  the  power  of  amalgama- 
ting with  and  surrounding  each  particle  and  aggregate  of  a 
concrete,  fine  grinding  materially  improves  the  quality  of 
the  cement  itself.” 


Redgrave — “Calcareous  Cements,”  says: 

“ All  recent  investigations  in  Germany  and  England 
demonstrate  the  importance  of  fine  grinding.’ 


15 


Residues  remaining  on  a standard 
200-mesh  sieve. 


Residues  remaining  on  a standard 
100-mesh  sieve. 


FINE  GRINDING  IS  THE  SECRET  OF  QUALITY. 

The  above  illustration  represents  tests  made  on  five  different  leading  brands  of  Portland  Cement.  Samples 
of  each  were  bought  in  the  open  market  and  sieving  tests  made  as  above.  The  vials  show  the  actual  relative 
proportions  of  residues  in  the  various  samples  as  equal  weights  of  each  were  taken. 

In  four  of  the  brands  the  residue  on  a No.  100  SIEVE  was  from  4.2  to  6.6  per  cent.  In  the  fifth,  namely, 
Edison,  it  was  only  1.2  per  cent. 

In  four  of  the  brands  the  residue  on  a No.  200  SIEVE  was  from  23.0  to  24.5  per  cent.  In  the  fifth  brand, 
namely,  Edison,  it  was  only  15.0  per  cent. 


16 


FINE  GRINDING  OF  PORTLAND  CEMENT 

AND  WHAT  IT  MEANS 


OR  a proper  understanding  and  full  apprecia- 
tion of  the  importance  of  fine  grinding,  it  is 
necessary  to  explain  that  Portland  Cement 
(as  manufactured  in  the  Lehigh  Valley)  is 
made  from  what  is  commonly  understood  as 
“ Cement  Rock,”  with  the  addition  of  suf- 
ficient limestone  to  give  the  necessary 
amount  of  lime.  The  rock  is  broken  down  and  then  ground  to 
a fineness  of  80  to  90  per  cent,  through  a No.  2C0  screen. 
This  ground  material  passes  through  kilns  and  comes  out  in 
clinker.  This  is  ground  and  that  part  of  this  finely - 
ground  clinker  that  will  pass  a No.  200  screen 
(40,000  meshes  per  square  inch ) is  Gement, 
the  residue  is  still  clinker.  These  coarse  particles  or  clinkers 
absorb  water  very  slowly,  are  practically  inert,  and  have  very 
feeble  cementing  properties.  The  residue  on  a No.  IQO 
screen  is  useless. 


Edison  Portland  Cement  is  ground  85  per  cent,  through 
a No.  200  screen— 10  per  cent,  finer  than  other  brands.  This 
can  be  verified  in  any  laboratory. 

In  a barrel  of  Edison  Portland  Cement  therefore  you  get 
85  per  cent,  of  Portland  Cement  and  15  per  cent,  of  clinker. 
In  a barrel  of  other  brands  you  get  75  per  cent,  of  cement  and 
25  per  cent,  of  clinker. 

If  you  are  buying  a ton  of  coal,  would  you  buy  the  coal 
containing  25  per  cent,  of  slate,  or  would  you  prefer  the  coal 
containing  but  15  per  cent,  of  slate  ? 

If,  instead,  you  are  buying  iron  ore,  would  you  not  give 
preference  to  ore  that  contained  10  per  cent,  more  units 
of  iron? 

Another  point  is  worth  considering  and  that  is  that  the 
Edison  Portland  Cement  Company  makes  but  one  brand  or 

quality,  and  that  is  the  best. 


17 


Southern  Power  Company’s  i solid)  dam  and  power  house  at  Great  Falls  Station  in  South  Carolina. 
40,000  horse  power  installation.  W.  S.  Lee,  Chief  Engineer. 

“Edison”  used  exclusively— 80,000  barrels. 


Southern  Power  Company's  (solid)  dam  and  power  house  at  Rocky  Creek  Station, 
South  Carolina.  40,000  horse  power  installation.  W.  S.  Lee,  Chief  Engineer. 
100,000  barrels  of  “ Edison.” 


THE  LITTLE  ANDROSCOGGIN  WATER  POWER  COMPANY’S  (HOLLOW)  DAM,  AUBURN,  ME. 

An  average  height  of  twenty-nine  feet,  maximum  of  forty-eight  feet ; length,  two  hundred  feet.  The  work 
was  commenced  on  September  10,  1907,  and  finished  January  17,  1908.  It  was  designed  by  I.  W.  Jones,  Engineer, 
Milton,  N.  H.  The  Cement  worked  perfectly.  ( Signed:,  Aberthaw  Construction  Co. 

“Edison"  used  exclusively— 3,429  barrels. 


20 


BARRE  WOOL  COMBING  CO.’S  (HOLLOW)  DAM,  BARRE,  MASS. 

This  dam  is  14  feet  high  at  the  spillway  and  17  feet  6 inches  on  the  wing  wall.  Total  length  189  feet  and 
spillway  116  feet.  The  dam  contains  388  yards  of  concrete  reinforced  with  twisted  square  steel  bars  and  what  is 
known  as  the  Ransom  Hollow  Dam  Patent. 

Contractors,  Rhode  Island  Contracting  and  Engineering  Co.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

“Edison”  Portland  Cement  used  exclusively. 

21 


FORT  HALIFAX  POWER  COMPANY’S  SOLID)  DAM  AND  POWER  HOUSE,  WINSLOW,  ME. 

Maximum  height,  30  feet.  Length  of  spillway,  350  feet.  Especially  designed  to  occasionally  resist  sub- 
mersion. Sellers  & Rippey,  Philadelphia,  Engineers  and  Architects.  Five  hours  after  last  concrete  was  put  in, 
two  feet  of  water  went  over  the  dam. 

“Edison”  used  exclusively— about  12,000  barrels. 


72 


Sept.  5,  1907.  The  Kaministiquia  Power  Co.,  Kaka-  Sept.  5,  1907.  The  Kaministiquia  Power  Co.  Dam 

beka  Falls,  Ontario,  Canada.  S.  Curve  of  Aque-  at  Kakabeka  Falls.  Ontario.  End  view  of  Aque- 
duct No.  2,  looking  towards  Intake.  duct  No.  2. 

11,000  barrels  of  Edison  Cement  used. 


23 


WINDOM  RESERVOIR,  ORCHARD  PARK,  N.  Y. 

Constructed  by  Field,  Barker  & Underwood,  Philadelphia,  for  American  Pipe  Mfg.  Co.  The  Reservoir  is  415 
feet  in  diameter;  depth,  16  feet:  capacity,  12,000,000  gallons;  concrete  slope,  12  inches  thick;  floor,  3 inches  thick 
—Edison  Cement  used  exclusively— 2,040  barrels. 


24 


FILTRATION  PLANT  AT  McKEESPORT,  PA. 

Capacity  6,000,000  gallons  daily.  “Edison"  used  exclusively — 10,000  barrels. 

Bowman  Bros.  Company,  McKeesport,  Pa.,  Contractors.  Alexander  Potter,  Chief  Engineer. 


25 


wmtmm 


1 


FILTRATION  PLANT,  CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

About  10,000  barrels  of  “Edison”  were  used  on  this  work. 


26 


warn 


£ s 


Section  of  Underground  Tunnel  from  bridge  loop  connecting  Brooklyn  Bridge  and 
Williamsburg  Bridge,  New  York  City.  Bradley  Contracting  Company,  Contractors. 
150,000  Barrels  “Edison”  going  into  this  work. 


ICE  PIER  IN  OHIO  RIVER  AT  GALLIPOLIS,  OHIO,  CONSTRUCTED  BY  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT. 

Thin  ice  pier  U >i  concrete  structure  renting  on  a formation  of  gravel.  The  superstructure  of  pier  is  54.92  feet  long;  and  24.88  feet 
wide  at  top  of  foundation.  The  upstream  cutting;  edge  lias  an  inclination  of  5 horizontal  to  0 vertical,  with  edges  meeting  at  an  angle 
of  90  degrees  (In  a horizontal  plane).  The  base  of  pier  proper  is  at  an  elevation  of  4.5  feet  above  low  water  and  the  top  84  feet 
above  the  base.  The  pier  on  top  has  an  extreme  length  of  28  feet  and  a width  of  22  feet.  The  downstream  corners  are  rounded  with 
a radius  of  0 feet,  and  the  Junction  of  the  planes  extending  hack  from  cutting  edge  with  the  side  planes,  is  effected  by  corners  having 
a radius  of  8 feet.  The  total  quantity  of  concrete  in  base  and  superstructure,  including  large  rock  buried  in  the  concrete,  is  1,657 
cubic  yards.  The  weight  of  Iron  work.  Including  the  cutting  edge  of  */£-inch  steel  plate  reinforced  with  3-inch  by  3-inch  angle, 
mooring  rings,  etc.,  is  7,010  pounds.  "Edison”  Portland  Cement  was  used  in  the  pier  throughout, — a total  of  1,608  barrels. 


30 


LOCK  AND  DAM  NO.  12,  KENTUCKY  RIVER,  IRVINE,  KY. 

United  States  Government  Work.  Ohio  River  Contract  Company,  Evansville,  Ind.,  Contractors. 
15,000  barrels  of  “ Edison  ” Cement  used  on  this  work. 


31 


I fc* 


D STREET  VIADUCT  AT  LYNCHBURG,  VA. 

H.  L.  Shaner,  Engineer.  Faragher  Engineering  Company,  Contractors.  J.  H.  Fuertes,  Consulting  Engineer. 

About  8,000  barrels  of  “Edison”  will  be  used. 


32 


BERNARD  GLOEKLER  BUILDING,  PITTSBURG,  PA, 

Ballinger  & Perrot,  Engineers  and  Architects,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Reinforced  concrete  throughout,  including  roof. 

10,000  barrels  Edison  Portland  Cement  used. 


THE  W.  H.  SWEENEY  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY’S  BUILDING,  66  Water  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

This  building  is  115  ft.  by  132  ft.,  to  be  10  stories  high  and  is  reinforced  concrete  throughout,  including 
foundations,  floors,  walls,  stairs  and  roof,  and  is  being  erected  by  the  W.  H.  Sweeney  Manufacturing  Company. 
H.  I.  Moyer  Engineering  & Construction  Company,  Supervising  Engineers. 

Edison  Portland  Cement  used  exclusively— about  9,000  barrels. 


34 


THOMPSON  & NORRIS  CO.’S  BUILDING,  Concord  and  Prince  Sts.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
First  reinforced  concrete  factory  in  Brooklyn,  constructed  in  1904. 

Horace  I.  Moyer  & Co.,  Engineers. 


CONCRETE  GARAGE,  LLEWELLYN  PARK,  N.  J. 

“ Edison  ” used  exclusively. 


36 


HENRY  C.  LEE  GARAGE,  227-237  N.  Broad  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

This  garage  is  110  ft.  by  120  ft.,  and  is  reinforced  concrete  throughout,  including  foundation  and  roof,  with 
the  exception  that  the  two  stories  front  have  a curtain  wall  of  brick.  Wm.  Steele  & Sons  Co.,  Contractors,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  Watson  & Huckel,  Architects. 

Edison  Portland  Cement  used  exclusively— 3,000  barrels. 


37 


RETAINING  WALLS  ON  M.  & E.  DIVISION  D.  L.  & W.  R.  R.,  SUMMIT,  N.  J. 

“Edison”  used  exclusively. 


38 


F.  BERG  & CO.,  ORANGE,  N.  J. 
Reinforced  concrete  throughout,  including  the  roof. 
. Moyer  & Co.,  Engineers  and  Contractors,  Brooklyn, 
“Edison”  used  exclusively— 3,000  barrels. 


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POWER  HOUSE,  CENTRAL  PENNSYLVANIA  TRACTION  CO.,  HARRISBURG,  PA. 

C.  Howard  Lloyd,  Architect.  Mason  D.  Pratt,  Engineer. 

“Edison''  used  exclusively, 


41 


• • Jtl  it.  ail 


CASINO  AT  SULZER’S  HARLEM  RIVER  PARK,  126th  St.  and  2d  Ave.,  New  York. 

Dimensions : Length,  205  feet;  width,  120  feet;  height  above  ground,  44  feet.  The  building  has  a basement  containing  a shooting 
gallery,  bowling  alleys,  wine  cellars  and  other  rooms  for  storage.  First  floor  consists  of  dining  room,  kitchens,  offices,  etc.  Second  floor, 
large  ball  room,  committee  rooms  and  reception  rooms.  Third  floor,  hotel  rooms,  ball  room,  balconies  and  open  air  promenade.  Top  oi  the 
building  is  given  over  entirely  to  a large  roof  garden.  Reinforced  concrete  throughout — walls,  floors,  beams,  roofs  and  decorative  mouldings. 
Clement  B.  Brun,  Supervising  Architect.  Grossman  & Proskauer,  Consulting  and  Contracting  Engineers. 

“Edison”  used  exclusively. 


42 


BALL  ROOM,  SULZER  BUILDING. 

The  above  shows  roof  spans  of  60  feet,  unsupported.  The  building  was  started  March  16th,  '08,  and  the 
roof  concrete  work  completed  May  3d,  '08.  The  Building  was  opened  May  29th,  ’08.  The  floors  were  stripped 
one  week  after  pouring  of  concrete ; the  roof,  on  account  of  its  60  ft.  clear  spans,  after  two  weeks.  This  building 
contains  3,500  yards  of  reinforced  concrete. 


43 


C.  R.  MACAULAY  BUILDING,  18th  St.,  near  5th  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Building  100  x 100  feet,  reinforced  concrete  throughout.  Bertin  & Sons,  Engineers. 

“Edison”  used  exclusively— 4,000  barrels. 


44 


NEW  BUILDING,  NEW  YORK  ATHLETIC  CLUB,  TRAVERS’  ISLAND,  N.  Y. 

Main  entrance,  reinforced  concrete  floors  and  roof,  stucco  finish.  Main  entrance  overlooking  New  York 
Athletic  Club  Field.  G.  K.  Thompson,  Architect,  66  Broadway,  New  York.  Isaac  A.  Hopper  & Son,  Inc.,  Con- 
tractors, New  York  City. 

"Edison”  used  exclusively. 


45 


NEW  YORK  EDISON  CO.,  NEW  WATER-SIDE  STATION,  41st  St.  and  East  River,  N.  Y. 

Isaac  A.  Hopper  & Son,  Contractors  for  foundation.  Drawings  and  plans  by  their 
own  staff  of  architects  and  draftsmen.  Part  of  50,000  barrels  used  in  the  foundations, 
balance  in  their  New  York  City  Subway. 


Manhattan  Bridge  Anchorage,  Pike  Street  Slip, 
New  York;  35,000  barrels  Edison  Cement 
used.  Williams  Engineering  and  Contracting 
Co.  Plans,  Department  of  Bridges,  New  York. 


C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Piers,  Nos.  10-11,  North  River; 
reinforced  floors  and  platform.  Pier  600  feet 
long,  100  feet  wide,  under  the  supervision  of 
the  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Engineers.  160  feet  of 
sea  wall  put  in  place  during  the  month  of 
January,  1907,  salt  water  work.  Henry 
Steers,  Contractor,  New  York. 


47 


U^ci 


GAIETY  THEATRE,  46th  and  Broadway,  New  York. 

46th  and  Broadway  Realty  Co.,  Contractors.  Herts  & Tallant,  Architects. 
“Edison’’  used  exclusively— 8,000  barrels. 


DEAL  BEACH  CASINO. 

Keinforced  concrete  throughout.  “Edison”  Cement  used  exclusively. 

Westlecraft  & Son,  Contractors,  Bernardsville,  New  Jersey.  David  Ach,  Architect. 


49 


“QUISISANA”  SPRING  AND  CASINO,  GREEN  COVE  SPRINGS,  FLORIDA. 

Designed  and  erected  by  Louis  H.  McKee,  Trenton,  New  Jersey. 

Edison  Portland  Cement  used  exclusively. 


50 


B.  & 0.  R.  R.  PIER,  No.  7,  NORTH  RIVER. 

Built  by  Henry  Steers,  Contractor,  New  York,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Engineers  of  the  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J. 
Reinforced  iloors,  stairs  and  walls.  “Edison”  used  exclusively. 


51 


MERCHANTS  REFRIGERATING  COMPANY'S  BUILDING, 
27  N.  MOORE  STREET,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
Reinforced  concrete  floors  and  roof,  arches  and  girder  covering. 
7,000  barrels  “Edison”  Cement  used. 

National  Fire  Proofing  Co.,  Wm.  H.  Birkmire. 

Contractors.  Architect. 


52 


J 

JAECKEL  BUILDING,  10-20  W.  32d 
STREET,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
Modern  fireproof,  11  story  and  base- 
ment building;  walls,  floors,  arches  and 
pillars  reinforced  concrete. 

National  Fire  Proofing  Co.,  Contractors. 
Clinton  & Russell,  Architects. 

4,000  barrels  “ Edison  ” used. 


Portion  of  Sea  Wall,  160  feet  in  length,  C.  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey,  Piers  Nos.  10  and  11  North  River. 
Constructed  by  Henry  Steers,  Contractor,  under  the  supervision  of  the  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Engineers. 

“Edison”  used. 


53 


THE  BRIDGEMAN  BUILDING,  15th  ST.  AND  WASHINGTON  AVE.,  PHILADELPHIA. 

Ballinger  & Perrot,  Architects,  Philadelphia.  Moon  & Co.,  Contractors. 

“Edison"  used  exclusively. 


54 


TWENTY-FIVE  MILES  OF  CEMENT  SIDEWALKS  AT  NEW  BERN,  N.  C. 


Edison  Portland  Cement  used  exclusively, 


Alsop  & Peirce,  Engineers  and  Contractors. 


55 


B3E03EEBEEE 


GROUP  OF  REINFORCED  CONCRETE  BUILDINGS,  NATIONAL  PHONOGRAPH  CO'S  WORKS,  ORANGE,  N.  J. 

60,000  barrels  of  Edison  Portland  Cement  used. 


56 


a 

d 


FRICK  ANNEX,  PITTSBURG,  PA. 

Burnham  & Co.,  Architects,  Falkenau  Construction  Co.,  Contractors, 

Chicago,  111.  Chicago,  111. 

5,000  barrels  of  Edison  Portland  Cement  used. 


MACHESNEY  BUILDING.  PITTSBURG,  PA 

Thos.  H.  Scott,  Architect,  Pittsburg,  Pa.  Geo.  A.  Fuller  Co.,  Contractors. 

3,000  barrels  of  Edison  Portland  Cement  used. 


THOMPSON  & NORRIS  BUILDING,  BOSTON,  MASS. 
“ Edison  ” used  exclusively. 


59 


WINTHROP  FIRE. -PHOTOGRAPH  TAKEN  1 A.  M„  OCTOBER  2d,  BY  THE  LIGHT  OF  THE  FIRE. 

Winthrop  Boulevard  was  swept  by  a fire,  causing  the  loss  of  two  lives  and  a property  loss  estimated  at  over  $200,000.  The  flames 
swept  the  section  of  hotels  and  summer  cottages  on  the  Boulevard,  beginning  east  of  Ocean  View  Avenue.  The  concrete  building,  which 
so  effectually  stopped  the  progress  of  the  fire,  was  being  constructed  by  John  J.  Smith,  Architect,  of  Edison  Portland  Cement. 


60 


WINTHROP  CONCRETE  BUILDING  AFTER  THE  FIRE. 

The  walls  of  the  first  story  were  10  inches  thick  with  a continuous  hollow  core  of  air  space  3 inches  wide,  and  the  second  story  was 
built  solid  8 inches  thick;  proportion,  1 “ Edison  ” -3-6.  This  building  stood  within  8 feet  of  the  boiler  room  of  the  Crest  Hall  Hotel,  where 
the  fire  began,  and  bore  the  brunt  of  the  fire.  Within  an  hour,  two  of  the  finest  hotels  and  seven  other  houses  were  a mass  of  ruins.  The 
granite  curbings,  on  the  sidewalks  across  the  street,  were  split  and  crumbled  as  if  they  had  been  broken  away  with  a sledge  hammer. 
The  roof  was  partially  constructed  of  stucco  over  wire  lath  and  supported  by  wooden  roof  beams,  causing  the  roof  to  burn  slowly  and 
afterwards  to  fall. 


61 


STANDARD  SPECIFICATIONS  FOR  PORTLAND  CEMENT 

Adopted  by  AMERICAN  SOCIETY  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERS  and  AMERICAN 
SOCIETY  FOR  TESTING  MATERIALS 


Definition — This  term  is  applied  to  the  finely  pulverized 
product  resulting  from  the  calcination  to  incipient  fusion  of  an  intimate 
mixture  of  properly  proportioned  argillaceous  and  calcareous  materials, 
and  to  which  no  addition  greater  than  3%  has  been  made  sub- 
sequent to  calcination. 

Specific  Gravity — The  specific  gravity  of  the  cement, 
thoroughly  dried  at  1 00  C.,  shall  not  be  less  than  3. 1 0. 

Fineness — It  shall  leave  by  weight  a residue  of  not  more  than 
8%  on  the  No.  I 00,  and  not  more  than  25  % on  the  No. 200  sieve. 

Time  of  Setting  It  shall  develop  initial  set  in  not  less  than 
thirty  minutes,  but  must  develop  hard  set  in  not  less  than  one  hour 
nor  more  than  ten  hours. 

Tensile  Strength — The  minimum  requirements  for  tensile 
strength  for  briquettes  one  inch  square  in  section  shall  be  within  the 
following  limits,  and  shall  show  no  retrogression  in  strength  within  the 


periods  specified  :f 

Age  Neat  Cement  Strength 

24  hours  in  moist  air 150-2C0  lbs. 

7 days  ( 1 day  in  moist  air,  6 days  in  water)  ....  450-550  “ 

28  days  ( I day  in  moist  air,  27  days  in  water)  ....  550-650  “ 

One  Part  Cement,  Three  Parts  Sand 

7 days  ( I day  in  moist  air,  6 days  in  water ) ....  1 50-200  “ 

28  days  ( I day  in  moist  air,  27  days  in  water)  ....  200-300  “ 


Constancy  of  Volume — Pats  of  neat  cement  about  three 
inches  in  diameter,  one-half  inch  thick  at  the  centre,  and  tapering  to 
a thin  edge,  shall  be  kept  in  moist  air  for  a period  of  24  hours. 

(a)  A pat  is  then  kept  in  air  at  normal  temperature  and  ob- 
served at  intervals  for  at  least  28  days. 

( b ) Another  pat  is  kept  in  water  maintained  as  near  70  F.  as 
practicable,  and  observed  at  intervals  for  at  least  28  days. 

(c)  A third  pat  is  exposed  in  any  convenient  way  in  an  atmos- 
phere of  steam,  above  boiling  water,  in  a loosely  closed  vessel  for 
five  hours. 

These  pats,  to  satisfactorily  pass  the  requirements,  shall  remain 
firm  and  hard  and  show  no  signs  of  distortion,  checking,  cracking  or 
disintegrating. 

Sulphuric  Acid  and  Magnesia — The  cement  shall  not 
contain  more  than  .75%  of  anhydrous  sulphuric  acid  (SO s),  nor 
more  than  4%  of  magnesia  (MgO). 

^Edison  Portland  Cement  far  exceeds  this,  having  less  than 
2 c/o  residue  on  No.  100  and  only  15  co  on  a No.  200  sieve. 

f For  example  the  minimum  requirement  for  the  twenty- four  hour  neat 
cement  test  should  be  some  specified  value  within  the  limits  of  I 50  and  200  pounds, 
and  so  on  for  each  period  stated. 


Every  Barrel  of  Edison  Portland  Cement  is  Guaranteed  to  Pass  these  Specifications 


62 


HOW  TO  MIX— FOR  THE  INEXPERIENCED  WORKER 


Portland  Cement  Sidewalks 

Foundation — The  ground  should  be  excavated  at  least  1 8 
inches  below  the  grade  level.  If  this  bottom  is  not  solid,  it  should  be 
thoroughly  tamped.  It  is  then  filled  with  clean  cinders,  coarse  gravel, 
broken  stones  or  brick,  which  should  be  wet  as  it  is  put  in  and 
thoroughly  tamped  to  make  a firm,  yet  porous  mass.  This  is  brought 
up  to  within  four  inches  of  the  grade  line  and  is  then  ready  for  the 
concrete.  In  southern  climates  where  there  is  little  or  no  frost,  the 
excavation  and  filling  may  be  omitted. 

Preparation  of  the  Concrete — This  should  be  made  as 
follows:  Take  I part  Edison  Portland  Cememt,  2 /4  parts  clean 
sand,  and  mix  them  thoroughly,  dry.  Spread  out  5 parts  clean 
broken  stone,  size  1 inch  to  1 /4  inches,  and  wet  thoroughly.  Spread 
the  sand  and  cement  over  this  and  turn  over  once  with  the  shovel. 
Then  add  water  and  turn  the  entire  mass  2 or  3 times  until  it  be- 
comes a paste  just  too  thick  to  flow  readily.  This  should  be  spread 
in  a layer  3 to  3 l/i  inches  thick  and  tamped  slightly  if  necessary. 
When  it  is  hard  enough,  cut  into  blocks  as  explained  below. 

The  wearing  surface  should  be  put  on  this  while  it  is  yet  green, 
or  at  least  before  it  has  attained  its  permanent  hardness.  This  should 
be  made  of  3 parts  Edison  Portland  Cement  and  3 parts  clean  sand. 

It  is  preferable  to  make  the  work  in  alternate  sections  of  say  not 
over  5 or  6 feet  square,  but  when  for  convenience  it  is  desirable  to 
run  it  continuously,  do  not  fail  to  cut  into  blocks  of  this  size  or  smaller. 

The  joints  are  necessary,  not  for  the  purpose  of  imitating  flag 
stone,  but  to  provide  a line  of  fracture  in  case  of  settling,  expansion 


and  contraction.  To  save  time  many  sidewalk  men  prefer  to  run  the 
cement  continuously,  and  there  is  no  objection  to  this  if  care  is  taken 
to  see  that  the  joints  are  cut  through  from  top  to  bottom  of  the  con- 
crete. In  warm  weather  keep  the  walk  wet  3 or  4 days  after  mak- 
ing and  it  will  become  harder  and  lighter  in  color. 

One  barrel  of  cement  will  make  about  60  square  feet  of  walk. 

Mortar  for  Brick  and  Stone  Masonry 

Use  one  barrel  of  Edison  Portland  Cement,  four  barrels  clean 
sand  and  two  pails  of  thick  lime  paste.  This  latter  makes  the  mortar 
work  more  easily  under  the  trowel. 

Concrete  for  General  Purposes 

For  Heavy  Machinery  Where  there  is  Much  Vibra- 
tion—I part  Edison  Portland  Cement,  3 parts  clean  sand,  5 parts 
broken  stone.  About  one  barrel  of  cement  required  per  cubic 
yard  of  concrete. 

For  General  Construction  — I part  Edison  Portland 
Cement,  3 parts  clean  sand,  7 parts  broken  stone.  About  nine- 
tenths  of  a barrel  of  cement  required  per  cubic  yard  of  concrete. 

For  Many  Ordinary  Purposes — I part  Edison  Portland 
Cement,  4 parts  clean  sand,  9 parts  broken  stone.  About  three- 
quarters  of  a barrel  of  cement  required  per  cubic  yard  of  concrete. 


NOTE — In  the  place  of  broken  stone,  clean  gravel  may  be  substituted  if  attention  is  given  to  see  that  it  carries  enough  sand  to  meet  the 
above  proportions.  Blast  furnace  slag  and  cinder  may  be  used  with  similar  precautions. 


63 


Important  Heavy  Concrete  Work  on  Which  Edison  Portland  Cement  Has  Been 
Used — A Few  Prominent  Users  of  “Edison”  Cement 


FEDERAL  ANI)  Ml  MODAL  WORK. 

No.  of  Bbls. 

Huston  Constructing  Co.,  Havana  Cuba, 

for  government  roads,  Cuba 20,000 

U.  S.  Government  dry  dock,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  100,000 

Southern  Power  Co.,  Great  Falls,  S.  C 80,000 

Additional  dam  construction  work  in  vi- 
cinity of  • Ireat  Falls,  S.  C 100,000 

Fort  Halifax  Power  Co.,  Waterville,  Me., 
for  work  at  Winslow,  Me.,  on  construc- 
tion of  dam  and  power  house 10,000 

Little  Androscoggin  Water  Power  Co., 

Auburn.  Me.,  for  construction  of  dam 

and  power  house  at  Auburn.  Me 10,000 

Kaministiquia  Power  Co.  dam,  Kakabeka 

Falls.  Canada 10,000 

New  York  Edison  Co.,  new  water  side 
station  and  additional  subway  construc- 
tion, New  York  City 50,000 

Manhattan  Bridge,  New  York 30,000 

Williams  Engineering  Co.,  New  York, 

sewers  50,000 

Bradley  Contracting  Co..  New  York,  subway  125,000 
Central  R.  R.  of  N.  J.,  docks  and  piers, 
including  160  feet  of  sea-wall. 

Lock  and  dam  No.  i-’.  Kentucky  River,  U.  S.  G. 

U.  S.  Navy  Yard,  Portsmouth.  N.  H. 

U.  S Navy  Yard,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Ice  Piers,  Ohio  River,  Gallipolis,  O.,  U.  S.  G. 
Harrison  St.  Viaduct,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Delta  St.  Viaduct,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Government  Roads,  Cuba. 

Barber  Asphalt  Co.,  Philadelphia. 

Central  Pennsylvania  Traction  Co. 

Philadelphia  Rapid  Transit  Co.’s  subway. 

Erie  R.  R.  Genesee  River  Works. 

New  York  State  Barge  Canal. 

Analomlnk  Paper  Co..  Water  Gap.  Pa.,  Dams. 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington.  D.  C. 
League  Island  Navy  Yard,  Philadelphia. 

FILTRATION  PLANTS. 

Philadelphia  Filtration  System. 

McKeesport  Filtration  System. 

Norwalk,  Conn.,  Filtration  System. 

BRIDGE  CONSTRUCTION  WORK. 

Manhattan  Bridge 
York. 

Monroe  County.  P 
Bridge  and  arch 
R.  It. 


anchorage,  Pike  St.  slip,  New 


. bridges. 

onstruction  along  I>. 


IMPORTANT  BUILDINGS. 

Bernard  Gloekler  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  (12,000). 
Standard  Roller  Bearing  Co’s  Bldg.,  Philadelphia. 
Macaulay  Bldg.,  18th  St.  and  Fifth  Ave.,  Brooklyn. 
New  Union  Ry.  Station,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Thompson  & Norris  Bldg.,  Concord  and  Prince 
Sts.,  Brooklyn. 

Wm.  H.  Sweeney  Bldg.,  Water  St.,  Brooklyn 

(10,000). 

Municipal  Hospital,  Philadelphia. 

State  Hospital,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

State  Armory,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Earle  Gear  & Machine  Co’s  Bldg.,  Philadelphia. 
Underwood  Typewriter  Bldg.,  Hartford.  Conn. 
Colored  Orphan  Asylum  Bldgs.,  Riverdale,  N.  Y. 
General  Electric  Co’s  Bldgs.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
General  Electric  Co’s  Bldgs.,  Lynn,  Mass. 

General  Electric  Co.,  Harrison,  N.  J. 

Haywood  Bros.  & Wakefield  Co.,  Philadelphia. 
State  Normal  School,  Montclair,  N.  J. 

Berg  & Co.  Hat  Factory,  Orange,  N.  J. 

National  Phonograph  Works,  Nine  Factory  Build- 
ings, Orange,  N.  J. 

Vernon  Public  School,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Williamsburg  Power  House  for  Brooklyn  Rapid 
Transit  Co. 

Brookline  Engine  House,  Station  A,  Brookline, 
Mass. 

STEEL  COMPANIES. 

Pennsylvania  Steel  Co.  Empire  Iron  & Steel  Co. 
Bethlehem  Steel  Co.  Maryland  Steel  Co. 

Lackawanna  Iron  & Superior  Steel  Co. 

Steel  Co.  Fort  Pitt  Malleable 
Lackawanna  Steel  Co.  Iron  Co. 

Worth  Bros.  Erie  City  Iron  Works. 

Lukens  Iron  & Steel  Co.  Republic  Iron  & Steel  Co. 
American  Bridge  Co.  Midvale  Steel  Co. 

Jones  & Laughlin.  Pennsylvania  Iron  Co. 

Longmead  Iron  Co.  Chrome  Steel  Works. 

Crucible  Steel  Co.  of  America. 

American  Sheet  & Tin  Plate  Co. 

Des  Moines  Bright  & Iron  Co. 

West  Leechburg  Steel  Co. 

Delaware  & Lackawanna  Steel  Co. 

Farist  Steel  Co. 

Page  Woven  Wire  Fence  Co. 

National  Tube  Co. 

Shelby  Steel  Tube  Co. 

RAILROADS. 

Pennsylvania. 

Philadelphia  «SL*  Reading. 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  Western. 


RAILROADS — Continued. 

Central  R.  R.  of  N.  J. 

Erie. 

Norfolk  & Western. 

Southern. 

Lake  Shore. 

American  Railways  Co. 

Bessemer  & Lake  Erie. 

Canadian  Pacific. 

Baltimore  & Ohio. 

Norwood  & St.  Lawrence  Railway  Co. 

N.  Y.,  Susquehanna  & Western. 

Buffalo,  Rochester  & Pittsburgh. 

Richmond  & Henrico  Railway. 

Philadelphia  Rapid  Transit. 

Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit. 

New  York  Subway. 

PROMINENT  ENGINEERS,  MANUFACTURING 
AND  CONTRACTING  FIRMS. 

H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Co.,  Pittsburgh. 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  Philadelphia. 

General  Electric  Co.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
Westinghouse  Church  Kerr  Co.,  New  York. 

John  A.  Roebling’s  Sons  Co.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
American  Locomotive  Co.,  New  York. 

The  New  Y'ork  Edison  Co.,  New  York. 

New  Jersey  Zinc  Co.,  Jersey  City. 

Westinghouse  Machine  Co.,  New  York. 

National  Phonograph  Co.,  Orange,  N.  J. 

Pressed  Steel  Car  Co.,  Pittsburgh. 

J.  G.  White  & Co..  Engineers,  New  York. 

The  General  Fire  Extinguisher  Co..  Providence,  R.  I. 
American  Pipe  Mfg.  Co.,  Philadelphia. 

United  States  Navy  Yard,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
United  States  Navy  Yard,  Washington. 

United  States  Navy  Yard,  Philadelphia,  and  other 
yards. 

General  Electric  Co.,  Lynn.  Mass. 

James  Stewart  & Co.,  New  York. 

Penn  Gas  Coal  Co.,  Philadelphia. 

Shoemaker  Coal  Mining  Co.,  Philadelphia. 
Commercial  Coal  Mining  Co.,  Philadelphia. 
Cornwall  Ore  Bank  Co.,  Cornwall.  Pa. 

Empire  Steel  & Iron  Co.,  Catasauqua,  Pa. 

Milton  Mfg.,  Co.,  Milton,  Pa. 

National  Fire  Proofing  Co.,  New  York,  Philadel- 
phia, Pittsburgh  and  Boston. 

II.  B.  Macomber  & Co.,  Boston. 

Metropolitan  Water  and  Sewerage  Board,  Boston. 
E.  R.  Taylor  & Co.,  Boston. 

W.  A.  Murtfeldt  & Co.,  Boston. 

Wm.  Steele  & Sons  Co.,  Philadelphia. 


64 


